1. Malunga neminyaka engama-40 ukusuka kwi-1960 ukuya kwi-1999, imveliso yensimbi engenasici kumazwe aseNtshona yanda ukusuka kwi-2.15 yezigidi zeetoni ukuya kwi-17.28 yezigidi zeetoni, ukwanda kwamaxesha angama-8, kunye nesantya sokukhula ngonyaka malunga ne-5.5%.Intsimbi engatyiwayo isetyenziswa ikakhulu kumakhitshi, kwizixhobo zombane zasekhaya, ezothutho, ulwakhiwo, kunye nobunjineli boluntu.Ngokubhekiselele kwimpahla yasekhitshini, kukho iitanki zokuhlamba ikakhulu kunye nezifudumezi zamanzi zombane kunye negesi, kunye nezixhobo zasekhaya ziquka i-drum yomatshini wokuhlamba ngokuzenzekelayo.Ukusuka kwimbono yokhuselo lokusingqongileyo olufana nokonga amandla kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe, imfuno yensimbi engenasici kulindeleke ukuba yande ngakumbi.
Kwintsimi yezothutho, kukho iinkqubo zokukhupha izithuthi zikaloliwe kunye neemoto.Insimbi engenasici esetyenziselwa iinkqubo zokukhupha malunga ne-20-30kg ngesithuthi ngasinye, kwaye imfuno yonyaka kwihlabathi malunga neetoni ze-1 yezigidi, eyona ndawo inkulu yesicelo sensimbi engenasici.
Kwicandelo lolwakhiwo, kuye kwakho ukunyuka kwemfuno yakutsha nje, okufana noonogada kwizikhululo ze-MRT zase-Singapore, besebenzisa malunga neetoni ezingama-5,000 zentsimbi yangaphandle yokuvala.Omnye umzekelo yiJapan.Emva kwe-1980, insimbi engenasici esetyenziswe kwishishini lokwakha iye yanda malunga namaxesha angama-4, ngokukodwa isetyenziselwa uphahla, ukwakha ngaphakathi kunye nokuhlobisa kwangaphandle, kunye nezinto zokwakha.Ngeminyaka yee-1980, izinto ezingama-304 ezingapeyintwayo zazisetyenziswa njengezinto zokufulela kwiindawo ezingaselunxwemeni lwaseJapan, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi epeyintwe ngepeyintiwe epeyintiweyo kwatshintsha ngokuthe ngcembe ekuqwalaselweni kokuthintela umhlwa.Kwiminyaka ye-1990, i-20% okanye ngaphezulu i-Cr ferritic i-stainless steels ephezulu ene-corrosion resistance resistance yaphuhliswa kwaye isetyenziswe njengezinto zokuphahla, kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokugqiba umphezulu zaphuhliswa kwi-aesthetics.
Kummandla wobunjineli boluntu, intsimbi engenastainless isetyenziselwa iinqaba zokufunxa amadama eJapan.Kwiindawo ezibandayo zaseYurophu kunye ne-United States, ukukhusela ukukhenkceza kweendlela ezihamba phambili kunye namabhuloho, kuyimfuneko ukufafaza ityuwa, okukhawulezisa ukubola kweentsimbi zetsimbi, ngoko ke iintsimbi zensimbi ezingenasici zisetyenziswa.Ezindleleni zaseNyakatho Melika, malunga neendawo ezingama-40 ziye zasebenzisa i-rebar yensimbi engenasici kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo, kwaye ubungakanani bokusetyenziswa kwendawo nganye ngama-200-1000 tons.Kwixesha elizayo, imarike yensimbi engenasici kule ntsimi iya kwenza umehluko.
2. Isitshixo sokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwensimbi engenasici kwixesha elizayo kukukhusela okusingqongileyo, ubomi obude, kunye nokuthandwa kwe-IT.
Ngokumalunga nokukhuselwa kwendalo, okokuqala, ngokwembono yokhuselo lwendalo esingqongileyo, imfuno yentsimbi ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu kunye nobushushu obuphezulu obungatyiwa ngumhlwa kwizitshisi zenkunkuma ezinobushushu obuphezulu, izityalo zamandla e-LNG, kunye nezityalo zamandla ezisebenza ngamandla zisebenzisa amalahle ukucinezela i-dioxin. isizukulwana siya kwanda.Kukwaqikelelwa ukuba ikhaseji yebhetri yezithuthi zeeseli zamafutha, eza kusetyenziswa ngokubonakalayo ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-21, nayo iya kusebenzisa intsimbi engatyiwa.Ngokombono womgangatho wamanzi kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo, kunikezelo lwamanzi kunye nezixhobo zokucoca amanzi, insimbi engenasici enokumelana ne-corrosion egqwesileyo iya kwandisa imfuno.
Ngokuphathelele ubomi obude, ukusetyenziswa kwensimbi engenasici kuyanda kwiibhulorho ezikhoyo, iindlela ezinkulu, iitonela kunye nezinye izibonelelo eYurophu, kwaye lo mkhwa kulindeleke ukuba usasazeke kuwo wonke umhlaba.Ukongezelela, ubomi bezakhiwo zokuhlala ngokubanzi eJapan bufutshane kakhulu kwiminyaka eyi-20-30, kwaye ukulahlwa kwezinto ezilahlwayo kuye kwaba yingxaki enkulu.Ngokuvela kwamva nje kwezakhiwo ezinobomi beminyaka eyi-100, imfuno yezinto ezinokuqina okugqwesileyo iya kukhula.Ukusuka kumbono wokhuselo lwehlabathi jikelele, ngelixa kuncitshiswa ubunjineli boluntu kunye nenkunkuma yokwakha, kuyafuneka ukuba kuphononongwe indlela yokunciphisa iindleko zolondolozo ukusuka kwinqanaba loyilo lokwazisa iikhonsepthi ezintsha.
Ngokumalunga nokuthandwa kwe-IT, kwinkqubo yophuhliso lwe-IT kunye nokuthandwa, izinto ezisebenzayo zidlala indima enkulu kwi-hardware yezixhobo, kwaye iimfuno zokuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nezinto eziphezulu zokusebenza zinkulu kakhulu.Ngokomzekelo, kwiifowuni eziphathwayo kunye nezixhobo ze-microcomputer, amandla aphezulu, u-elasticity, kunye neepropati ezingezizo ze-magnetic zensimbi engenasici zisetyenziswa ngokuguquguqukayo, ezandisa ukusetyenziswa kwensimbi engenasici.Kwakhona kwizixhobo zokuvelisa ze-semiconductors kunye ne-substrates eyahlukeneyo, insimbi engenasici kunye nokucoceka okulungileyo kunye nokuqina kudlala indima ebalulekileyo.
Intsimbi engatyiwayo ineempawu ezininzi ezigqwesileyo ezingenazo ezinye iintsimbi kwaye iyimathiriyeli ehlala ixesha elide kwaye iphinde isetyenziswe.Kwixesha elizayo, insimbi engenasici iya kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ekuphenduleni utshintsho lwamaxesha.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-02-2022